Initial design record for the three-piece keyboard

Two mirrored halves plus a numpad that carries the USB hub. Captures the
architecture decisions and the reasoning behind them: CH32L103 with an
STM32F103 pin-compatible escape hatch, split protocol tunnelled over USB-C
SBU through the numpad, hotswap sockets bottom-side, and why crystal-less
USB was ruled out across the whole WCH catalogue.

No boards ordered, no firmware written. Layout still undesigned.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <[email protected]>
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William RickertandClaude Opus 5 committed 2026-08-27 14:07:50 -05:00
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<svg width="100%" viewBox="0 0 680 330" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<title>Full 104-key keyboard split across three pieces</title>
<desc>An ANSI 104-key layout colour-coded by which of three boards each key lands on: left half 36 keys, right half 39 keys, numpad piece 26 keys, and four keys not on any piece.</desc>
<text class="th" x="18" y="24">A 104-key layout, divided across the three boards</text>
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<g class="c-coral"><rect x="446.5" y="183.0" width="23.0" height="23.0" rx="4" stroke-width="0.5"/><text class="ts" x="458.0" y="198.5" text-anchor="middle">←</text></g>
<g class="c-coral"><rect x="472.5" y="183.0" width="23.0" height="23.0" rx="4" stroke-width="0.5"/><text class="ts" x="484.0" y="198.5" text-anchor="middle">↓</text></g>
<g class="c-coral"><rect x="498.5" y="183.0" width="23.0" height="23.0" rx="4" stroke-width="0.5"/><text class="ts" x="510.0" y="198.5" text-anchor="middle">→</text></g>
<g class="c-coral"><rect x="531.0" y="183.0" width="49.0" height="23.0" rx="4" stroke-width="0.5"/><text class="ts" x="555.5" y="198.5" text-anchor="middle">0</text></g>
<g class="c-coral"><rect x="583.0" y="183.0" width="23.0" height="23.0" rx="4" stroke-width="0.5"/><text class="ts" x="594.5" y="198.5" text-anchor="middle">.</text></g>
<g class="c-teal"><rect x="18" y="254" width="13" height="13" rx="3" stroke-width="0.5"/></g>
<text class="ts" x="37" y="264">Left half &#183; 36 keys</text>
<g class="c-purple"><rect x="170" y="254" width="13" height="13" rx="3" stroke-width="0.5"/></g>
<text class="ts" x="189" y="264">Right half &#183; 39 keys</text>
<g class="c-coral"><rect x="322" y="254" width="13" height="13" rx="3" stroke-width="0.5"/></g>
<text class="ts" x="341" y="264">Numpad piece &#183; 26 keys</text>
<g class="c-gray"><rect x="474" y="254" width="13" height="13" rx="3" stroke-width="0.5"/></g>
<text class="ts" x="493" y="264">No board &#183; layer only</text>
<text class="ts" x="18" y="290">A straight chop gives 36 vs 39 keys &#8212; but mirrored boards need matching counts.<tspan x="18" dy="1.35em">A real split trims to a symmetric core and reaches the rest by layer.</tspan></text>
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Board,Section,Ref,Qty,Value,MPN,LCSC,Package,JLC,Unit USD,Notes
ALL,MCU,U1,1,CH32L103C8T6,CH32L103C8T6,C22398291,LQFP-48(7x7),Extended,0.80,"MCU. Swap-compatible: STM32F103C8T6 = C8734 / Preferred / $1.44"
ALL,MCU,U2,1,3.3V LDO 500mA,RT9013-33GB-MS,C7434207,SOT-23-5,Extended,0.06,"Alt basic: XC6206P332MR-G C5446 but only 200mA"
ALL,MCU,U3,1,USB ESD,USBLC6-2SC6,C2687116,SOT-23-6,Extended,0.048,"on this board's own USB-C"
ALL,MCU,J1,1,USB-C 16P,TYPE-C16PIN,C393939,SMD,Extended,0.069,"upstream / device port"
ALL,MCU,J2,1,SWD header,-,-,1.27mm 4-pin,Consigned,0.00,"SWDIO=PA13 SWCLK=PA14 GND 3V3"
ALL,MCU,Y1,1,8MHz crystal,TAXM8M4RDBCCT2T,C400090,SMD3225-4P,Extended,0.146,"10pF load 250R ESR +/-10ppm. Satisfies both MCUs' USB PLL"
ALL,MCU,SW1,1,Tactile RESET,TS2306A 200gf,C5363482,SMD 3x2mm,Extended,0.062,"to NRST"
ALL,MCU,SW2,1,Tactile BOOT,TS2306A 200gf,C5363482,SMD 3x2mm,Extended,0.062,"BOOT0 to 3V3. Works for both boot paths"
ALL,MCU,C1-C5,5,100nF 0402 X7R 16V,CL05B104KO5NNNC,C1525,0402,Basic,0.006,"VDD_1 VDD_2 VDD_3 VDDA NRST"
ALL,MCU,C6,1,4.7uF 0603 X5R,CL10A475KO8NNNC,C19666,0603,Basic,0.024,"bulk at MCU"
ALL,MCU,C7,1,1uF 0402 X5R 25V,CL05A105KA5NQNC,C52923,0402,Basic,0.014,"VDDA"
ALL,MCU,C8-C9,2,10uF 0805 X5R,CL21A106KAYNNNE,C15850,0805,Basic,0.077,"LDO input and output"
ALL,MCU,C10-C11,2,12pF 0402 C0G,JLC basic library,-,0402,Basic,0.005,"MCU crystal load. 12pF assumes 10pF CL + ~4pF stray - verify vs stackup"
ALL,MCU,R1-R2,2,22R 0402,FRC0402F22R0TS,C2929994,0402,Extended,0.0007,"USB D+/D- series. 0R (C17168 Basic) also acceptable"
ALL,MCU,R3-R4,2,5.1k 0402,JLC basic library,-,0402,Basic,0.002,"USB-C CC1/CC2 pull-DOWN (Rd - device side)"
ALL,MCU,R5,1,1.5k 0402,JLC basic library,-,0402,Basic,0.002,"*** SWAP-DEPENDENT *** D+ pull-up. POPULATE for STM32F103. DNF for CH32L103 (internal 1.5k via RB_UC_DEV_PU_EN)"
ALL,MCU,R6-R7,2,10k 0402,FRC0402F1002TS,C25744,0402,Basic,0.003,"BOOT0 pulldown, BOOT1/PB2 pulldown"
HALF,Matrix,D1-Dn,1,1N4148W,1N4148W,C81598,SOD-123,Basic,0.011,"One per key. Qty per your layout"
HALF,Split,R14,1,100R 0402,JLC basic library,-,0402,Basic,0.002,"Series on the SBU net between connector and MCU USART pin"
HALF,Split,D-ESD,1,ESD 5V bidirectional,PESD5V0S1BA,C2827694,SOD-323,Extended,0.036,"On the SBU net - user-exposed signal going to a GPIO"
HALF,Split,J3,1,3-pin header DNF,JST SH,-,-,Consigned,0.02,"*** DNF INSURANCE *** VCC/GND/DATA fallback if SBU proves flaky (bad cables). 3 pads cost nothing"
HALF,Split,-,-,SBU1+SBU2 TIE,-,-,-,-,0.00,"Tie A8 and B8 together on the board. SBU is CROSSED in the cable, so this makes it orientation-proof and doubles the conductor"
NUMPAD,DNF,J1/U3/R3/R4/R5,0,DO NOT POPULATE,-,-,-,-,0.00,"*** From the ALL block: numpad MCU has NO connector of its own. Its D+/D- route internally to hub downstream port 1. No connector = no ESD part and no CC resistors needed. Saves ~$0.19"
NUMPAD,Matrix,D1-D26,26,1N4148W,1N4148W,C81598,SOD-123,Basic,0.011,"26 keys: 17 numpad + 9 nav"
NUMPAD,Encoder,ENC1,1,EC11 detented,EC11L1525G01,C2991196,THT,Extended,1.27,"VOLUME - wants detents. THT: hand-solder or JLC THT surcharge"
NUMPAD,Encoder,ENC2,1,EC11 detentless,verify variant,-,THT,Extended,1.27,"SCROLL - wants NO detents for hi-res scroll. Confirm detentless SKU"
NUMPAD,Hub,U4,1,USB2.0 4-port hub,CH334R,C4154405,QSOP-16-150mil,Extended,0.50,"Ports: 1=own MCU (internal FS) 2=left half 3=right half 4=spare"
NUMPAD,Hub,Y2,1,12MHz crystal,X322512MSB4SI,C9002,SMD3225-4P,Basic,0.101,"CH334 has built-in load caps - verify internal value vs this 20pF CL crystal; fit DNF cap pads"
NUMPAD,Hub,C12-C14,3,100nF 0402,CL05B104KO5NNNC,C1525,0402,Basic,0.006,"hub decoupling"
NUMPAD,Hub,C15,1,10uF 0805,CL21A106KAYNNNE,C15850,0805,Basic,0.077,"hub bulk"
NUMPAD,Hub,J4,1,USB-C upstream,TYPE-C16PIN,C393939,SMD,Extended,0.069,"to PC. This replaces J1 as the board's real upstream"
NUMPAD,Hub,J5-J7,3,USB-C downstream,TYPE-C16PIN,C393939,SMD,Extended,0.069,"left half / right half / spare"
NUMPAD,Hub,U5-U7,3,USB ESD,USBLC6-2SC6,C2687116,SOT-23-6,Extended,0.048,"one per downstream port"
NUMPAD,Hub,U8-U10,3,Ideal diode / OCP,CH213K,C5456874,SOT-23-3,Extended,0.073,"VBUS protection per downstream port. CH334R has no port power switching"
NUMPAD,Hub,R8-R13,6,56k 0402,FRC0402F5602TS,C2906875,0402,Extended,0.0018,"Rp pull-UPS on CC1/CC2 of each downstream port - host side. NOT 5.1k"
NUMPAD,SBU,-,-,SBU PASS-THROUGH,-,-,-,-,0.00,"*** Passive trace *** Tie SBU1+SBU2 on J5 (left half) and on J6 (right half), then connect the two nets together. Carries QMK split_common UART between the halves. Numpad MCU does NOT touch this net"
NUMPAD,SBU,D-ESD2,2,ESD 5V bidirectional,PESD5V0S1BA,C2827694,SOD-323,Extended,0.036,"One per half-port SBU net"
HALF,Switches,SW-,1,MX hotswap socket,CPG151101S11,C41430893,SMD 14.5x5.9mm,Extended,0.037,"One per key. BOTTOM SIDE. Alt: C49352235 (CPG151101S11-2)"
NUMPAD,Switches,SW-,26,MX hotswap socket,CPG151101S11,C41430893,SMD 14.5x5.9mm,Extended,0.037,"One per key. BOTTOM SIDE"
NOTE,Assembly,-,-,SINGLE-SIDED,-,-,-,-,-,"Put ALL SMD on the BOTTOM: sockets, MCU, passives, diodes, and any reverse-mount SK6812MINI-E. Top face bare except switch holes. Keeps JLC to one assembly pass"
NOTE,Mechanical,-,-,PLATE REQUIRED,-,-,-,-,-,"Hotswap needs a switch plate or socket pads tear off during switch insertion. FR4 plate = just another JLC board"
1 Board Section Ref Qty Value MPN LCSC Package JLC Unit USD Notes
2 ALL MCU U1 1 CH32L103C8T6 CH32L103C8T6 C22398291 LQFP-48(7x7) Extended 0.80 MCU. Swap-compatible: STM32F103C8T6 = C8734 / Preferred / $1.44
3 ALL MCU U2 1 3.3V LDO 500mA RT9013-33GB-MS C7434207 SOT-23-5 Extended 0.06 Alt basic: XC6206P332MR-G C5446 but only 200mA
4 ALL MCU U3 1 USB ESD USBLC6-2SC6 C2687116 SOT-23-6 Extended 0.048 on this board's own USB-C
5 ALL MCU J1 1 USB-C 16P TYPE-C16PIN C393939 SMD Extended 0.069 upstream / device port
6 ALL MCU J2 1 SWD header - - 1.27mm 4-pin Consigned 0.00 SWDIO=PA13 SWCLK=PA14 GND 3V3
7 ALL MCU Y1 1 8MHz crystal TAXM8M4RDBCCT2T C400090 SMD3225-4P Extended 0.146 10pF load 250R ESR +/-10ppm. Satisfies both MCUs' USB PLL
8 ALL MCU SW1 1 Tactile RESET TS2306A 200gf C5363482 SMD 3x2mm Extended 0.062 to NRST
9 ALL MCU SW2 1 Tactile BOOT TS2306A 200gf C5363482 SMD 3x2mm Extended 0.062 BOOT0 to 3V3. Works for both boot paths
10 ALL MCU C1-C5 5 100nF 0402 X7R 16V CL05B104KO5NNNC C1525 0402 Basic 0.006 VDD_1 VDD_2 VDD_3 VDDA NRST
11 ALL MCU C6 1 4.7uF 0603 X5R CL10A475KO8NNNC C19666 0603 Basic 0.024 bulk at MCU
12 ALL MCU C7 1 1uF 0402 X5R 25V CL05A105KA5NQNC C52923 0402 Basic 0.014 VDDA
13 ALL MCU C8-C9 2 10uF 0805 X5R CL21A106KAYNNNE C15850 0805 Basic 0.077 LDO input and output
14 ALL MCU C10-C11 2 12pF 0402 C0G JLC basic library - 0402 Basic 0.005 MCU crystal load. 12pF assumes 10pF CL + ~4pF stray - verify vs stackup
15 ALL MCU R1-R2 2 22R 0402 FRC0402F22R0TS C2929994 0402 Extended 0.0007 USB D+/D- series. 0R (C17168 Basic) also acceptable
16 ALL MCU R3-R4 2 5.1k 0402 JLC basic library - 0402 Basic 0.002 USB-C CC1/CC2 pull-DOWN (Rd - device side)
17 ALL MCU R5 1 1.5k 0402 JLC basic library - 0402 Basic 0.002 *** SWAP-DEPENDENT *** D+ pull-up. POPULATE for STM32F103. DNF for CH32L103 (internal 1.5k via RB_UC_DEV_PU_EN)
18 ALL MCU R6-R7 2 10k 0402 FRC0402F1002TS C25744 0402 Basic 0.003 BOOT0 pulldown, BOOT1/PB2 pulldown
19 HALF Matrix D1-Dn 1 1N4148W 1N4148W C81598 SOD-123 Basic 0.011 One per key. Qty per your layout
20 HALF Split R14 1 100R 0402 JLC basic library - 0402 Basic 0.002 Series on the SBU net between connector and MCU USART pin
21 HALF Split D-ESD 1 ESD 5V bidirectional PESD5V0S1BA C2827694 SOD-323 Extended 0.036 On the SBU net - user-exposed signal going to a GPIO
22 HALF Split J3 1 3-pin header DNF JST SH - - Consigned 0.02 *** DNF INSURANCE *** VCC/GND/DATA fallback if SBU proves flaky (bad cables). 3 pads cost nothing
23 HALF Split - - SBU1+SBU2 TIE - - - - 0.00 Tie A8 and B8 together on the board. SBU is CROSSED in the cable, so this makes it orientation-proof and doubles the conductor
24 NUMPAD DNF J1/U3/R3/R4/R5 0 DO NOT POPULATE - - - - 0.00 *** From the ALL block: numpad MCU has NO connector of its own. Its D+/D- route internally to hub downstream port 1. No connector = no ESD part and no CC resistors needed. Saves ~$0.19
25 NUMPAD Matrix D1-D26 26 1N4148W 1N4148W C81598 SOD-123 Basic 0.011 26 keys: 17 numpad + 9 nav
26 NUMPAD Encoder ENC1 1 EC11 detented EC11L1525G01 C2991196 THT Extended 1.27 VOLUME - wants detents. THT: hand-solder or JLC THT surcharge
27 NUMPAD Encoder ENC2 1 EC11 detentless verify variant - THT Extended 1.27 SCROLL - wants NO detents for hi-res scroll. Confirm detentless SKU
28 NUMPAD Hub U4 1 USB2.0 4-port hub CH334R C4154405 QSOP-16-150mil Extended 0.50 Ports: 1=own MCU (internal FS) 2=left half 3=right half 4=spare
29 NUMPAD Hub Y2 1 12MHz crystal X322512MSB4SI C9002 SMD3225-4P Basic 0.101 CH334 has built-in load caps - verify internal value vs this 20pF CL crystal; fit DNF cap pads
30 NUMPAD Hub C12-C14 3 100nF 0402 CL05B104KO5NNNC C1525 0402 Basic 0.006 hub decoupling
31 NUMPAD Hub C15 1 10uF 0805 CL21A106KAYNNNE C15850 0805 Basic 0.077 hub bulk
32 NUMPAD Hub J4 1 USB-C upstream TYPE-C16PIN C393939 SMD Extended 0.069 to PC. This replaces J1 as the board's real upstream
33 NUMPAD Hub J5-J7 3 USB-C downstream TYPE-C16PIN C393939 SMD Extended 0.069 left half / right half / spare
34 NUMPAD Hub U5-U7 3 USB ESD USBLC6-2SC6 C2687116 SOT-23-6 Extended 0.048 one per downstream port
35 NUMPAD Hub U8-U10 3 Ideal diode / OCP CH213K C5456874 SOT-23-3 Extended 0.073 VBUS protection per downstream port. CH334R has no port power switching
36 NUMPAD Hub R8-R13 6 56k 0402 FRC0402F5602TS C2906875 0402 Extended 0.0018 Rp pull-UPS on CC1/CC2 of each downstream port - host side. NOT 5.1k
37 NUMPAD SBU - - SBU PASS-THROUGH - - - - 0.00 *** Passive trace *** Tie SBU1+SBU2 on J5 (left half) and on J6 (right half), then connect the two nets together. Carries QMK split_common UART between the halves. Numpad MCU does NOT touch this net
38 NUMPAD SBU D-ESD2 2 ESD 5V bidirectional PESD5V0S1BA C2827694 SOD-323 Extended 0.036 One per half-port SBU net
39 HALF Switches SW- 1 MX hotswap socket CPG151101S11 C41430893 SMD 14.5x5.9mm Extended 0.037 One per key. BOTTOM SIDE. Alt: C49352235 (CPG151101S11-2)
40 NUMPAD Switches SW- 26 MX hotswap socket CPG151101S11 C41430893 SMD 14.5x5.9mm Extended 0.037 One per key. BOTTOM SIDE
41 NOTE Assembly - - SINGLE-SIDED - - - - - Put ALL SMD on the BOTTOM: sockets, MCU, passives, diodes, and any reverse-mount SK6812MINI-E. Top face bare except switch holes. Keeps JLC to one assembly pass
42 NOTE Mechanical - - PLATE REQUIRED - - - - - Hotswap needs a switch plate or socket pads tear off during switch insertion. FR4 plate = just another JLC board